Technical Details

Supported languages

Your submission must be in one of the following languages

• C11 (C language, 2011 standard)
• C++17 (C++ language, C++17 standard)
• Java 11
• Python 3 (3.9.19)

Compiler and runtime specifications

Programs will be compiled and run the judges' machine(s) using the following software:

• C: GNU C Compiler 7.5.0, with flags -DEVAL -std=gnu11 -O2 -pipe -static -s -lm
• C++: GNU C Compiler 7.5.0, with flags -DEVAL -std=gnu++17 -O2 -pipe -static -s
• OpenJDK / Javac 11.0.11
• Python 3.9.19 / PyPy 7.3.16

Students may use any libraries, headers or packages that come standard with the compilers or runtimes specified above.

Forbidden behaviours

• All programs must be single-threaded and single-process. For instance, C and C++ programmers may not call fork() or system(), and Java programmers may not use the class java.lang.Thread or call Runtime.exec().
• All programs must not attempt to make any network connections.
• All programs must not contain any malicious code designed to harm or alter the judges’ computer(s), or otherwise attempt to subvert the judging system.

Submission limits

• Students may submit at most once per minute to each problem.
• The source code for each solution must not exceed 100 000 bytes in size.

Java specific details

Java solutions must be contained in a single class called Solution and must be run from the routine public static void main(String[] args) within this Solution class.

Java programmers may not use any built-in packages except for java.lang, java.io and java.util.