Technical Details

Supported languages

Your submission must be in one of the following languages

• C11 (C language, 2011 standard)
• C++11 (C++ language, C++11 standard)
• Java 11
• Python 3 (3.10)

Students may use any libraries, headers or packages that come standard with the compilers or runtimes specified above.

Forbidden behaviours

• All programs must be single-threaded and single-process. For instance, C and C++ programmers may not call fork() or system(), and Java programmers may not use the class java.lang.Thread or call Runtime.exec().
• All programs must not attempt to make any network connections.
• All programs must not contain any malicious code designed to harm or alter the judges’ computer(s), or otherwise attempt to subvert the judging system.

Submission limits

• Students may submit at most once per minute to each problem.
• The source code for each solution must not exceed 100 000 bytes in size.

Java specific details

Java solutions must be contained in a single class called Solution and must be run from the routine public static void main(String[] args) within this Solution class.

Java programmers may not use any built-in packages except for java.lang, java.io and java.util.